PHP模版引擎原理、定义与用法实例

?php
/**
* 模板编译工具类
*/
class Compile
{
  private $template;     //带编译文件
  private $content;      //需要替换的文本
  private $comfile;      //编译后的文件
  private $left = '{';     //左界定符
  private $right = '}';    //右界定符
  private $value = array();   //值栈
  private $php_turn;
  private $T_P = array();
  private $T_R = array();
  public function __construct($template, $compileFile, $config)
  {
   $this->template = $template;
   $this->comfile = $compileFile;
   $this->content = file_get_contents($template);
   if($config['php_turn'] === false)
   {
     $this->T_P[] = "/\&;(=|php|)(.+?)\&;>/is";
     $this->T_R[] = "lt;? \\1\\2? gt";
   }
   //{$var}
   $this->T_P[] = "/\{\\$([a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*)\}/";
   //{foreach $b}或者{loop $b}
   $this->T_P[] = "/\{(loop|foreach) \\$([a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*)\}/i";
   //{[K|V]}
   $this->T_P[] = "/\{([K|V])\}/";
   //{/foreach}或者{\loop}或者{\if}
   $this->T_P[] = "/\{\/(loop|foreach|if)}/i";
   //{if (condition)}
   $this->T_P[] = "/\{if (.* ?)\}/i";
   //{(else if | elseif)}
   $this->T_P[] = "/\{(else if|elseif) (.* ?)\}/i";
   //{else}
   $this->T_P[] = "/\{else\}/i";
   //{#...# 或者 *...#，注释}
   $this->T_P[] = "/\{(\#|\*)(.* ?)(\#|\*)\}/";
   $this->T_R[] = "?php echo \$this->value['\\1']; ?>";
   $this->T_R[] = "?php foreach ((array)\$this->value['\\2'] as \$K => \$V) { ?>";
   $this->T_R[] = "?php echo \$\\1; ?>";
   $this->T_R[] = "?php } ?>";
   $this->T_R[] = "?php if (\\1) { ?>";
   $this->T_R[] = "?php }else if (\\2) { ?>";
   $this->T_R[] = "?php }else{ ?>";
   $this->T_R[] = "";
  }
  public function compile()
  {
   $this->c_all();
   $this->c_staticFile();
   file_put_contents($this->comfile, $this->content);
  }
  public function c_all()
  {
   $this->content = preg_replace($this->T_P, $this->T_R, $this->content);
  }
  /**
  * 加入对JavaScript文件的解析
  * @return [type] [description]
  */
  public function c_staticFile()
  {
   $this->content = preg_replace('/\{\!(.* ?)\!\}/', 'script src=\\1'.'?t='.time().'>/script>', $this->content);
  }
  public function __set($name, $value)
  {
   $this->$name = $value;
  }
  public function __get($name)
  {
   if(isset($this->$name))
   {
     return $this->$name;
   }
   else
   {
     return null;
   }
  }
}

?php
/**
* Template
*/
class Template
{
  private $arrayConfig = array(
   'suffix'   => '.tpl',  //模板的后缀
   'templateDir' => 'template/', //模板所在的文件夹
   'compileDir'  => 'cache/',  //编译后存放的目录
   'cache_html'  => true,   //是否需要编译成静态的html文件
   'suffix_cache' => '.html',  //设置编译文件的后缀
   'cache_time'  => 7200,   //设置多长时间自动更新
   'php_turn'  => true,   //设置是否支持php原生代码
   'debug'     => false,
   );
  public $file;         //模板文件名,不带路径
  public $debug = array();     //调试信息
  private $value = array();    //值栈
  private $compileTool;      //编译器
  private $controlData = array();
  static private $instance = null;  //模板类对象
  public function __construct($arrayConfig = array())
  {
   $this->debug['begin'] = microtime(true);
   $this->arrayConfig = array_merge($this->arrayConfig, $arrayConfig);
   $this->getPath();
   if(!is_dir($this->arrayConfig['templateDir']))
   {
     exit("template dir isn't found!");
   }
   if(!is_dir($this->arrayConfig['compileDir']))
   {
     if(strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS,0,3)) === 'WIN')
     {
      mkdir($this->arrayConfig['compileDir']);
     }
     else
     {
      mkdir($this->arrayConfig['compileDir'], 0770, true);
     }
   }
   include('Compile.class.php');
  }
  public function getPath()
  {
   $this->arrayConfig['templateDir'] = strstr(realpath($this->arrayConfig['templateDir']), '\\', '/').'/';
   $this->arrayConfig['compileDir'] = strstr(realpath($this->arrayConfig['compileDir'])), '\\', '/').'/';
  }
  /**
  * 取得模板引擎的实例
  */
  public static function getInstance()
  {
   if(is_null(self::$instance))
   {
     self::$instance = new Template();
   }
   return self::$instance;
  }
  /**
  * 单独设置引擎参数
  * 也支持一次性设置多个参数
  */
  public function setConfig($key, $value = null)
  {
   if(is_array($key))
   {
     $this->arrayConfig = $key + $this->arrayConfig;
   }
   else
   {
     $this->arrayConfig[$key] = $value;
   }
  }
  /**
  * 获取当前模板引擎配置，仅供调试使用
  */
  public function getConfig($key = null)
  {
   if($key  array_key_exists($key, $this->arrayConfig))
   {
     return $this->arrayConfig[$key];
   }
   else
   {
     return $this->arrayConfig;
   }
  }
  /**
  * 注入单个变量
  */
  public function assign($key, $value)
  {
   $this->value[$key] = $value;
  }
  /**
  * 注入数组变量
  */
  public function assignArray($array)
  {
   if(is_array($array))
   {
     foreach ($array as $k => $v) {
      $this->value[$k] = $v;
     }
   }
  }
  /**
  * 获取模板的位置
  * @return [type] [description]
  */
  public function path()
  {
   return $this->arrayConfig['templateDir'].$this->file.$this->arrayConfig['suffix'];
  }
  /**
  * 判断配置文件是否要求缓存
  */
  public function needCache()
  {
   return $this->arrayConfig['cache_html'];
  }
  /**
  * 判断是否需要缓存
  */
  public function reCache($file)
  {
   $flag = false;
   $cacheFile = $this->arrayConfig['compileDir'].md5($file).$this->arrayConfig['suffix_cache'];
   if($this->arrayConfig['cache_html'] === true)
   {
     //需要缓存
     $timeFlag = (time() - @filemtime($cacheFile))  $this->arrayConfig['cache_time'] ? true : false;
     if(is_file($cacheFile)  filesize($cacheFile) > 1  $timeFlag)
     {
      //缓存存在且未过期
      $flag = true;
     }
     else
     {
      $flag = false;
     }
   }
   return $flag;
  }
  /**
  * 展示模板
  */
  public function show($file)
  {
   $this->file = $file;
   if(!is_file($this->path()))
   {
     exit('找不到对应的模板');
   }
   $compileFile = $this->arrayConfig['compileDir'].md5($file).'.php';
   $cacheFile = $this->arrayConfig['compileDir'].md5($file).$this->arrayConfig['suffix_cache'];
   if($this->reCache($file) === false)
   {
     //如果需要缓存
     $this->debug['cached'] = 'false';
     $this->compileTool = new Compile($this->path(), $compileFile, $this->arrayConfig);
     if($this->needCache())
     {
      ob_start();
     }
     extract($this->value, EXTR_OVERWRITE);
     if(!is_file($compileFile) || fileatime($compileFile)  filemtime($this->path()))
     {
      $this->compileTool->value = $this->value;
      $this->compileTool->compile();
      include $compileFile;
     }
     else
     {
      include $compileFile;
     }
     if($this->needCache())
     {
      $message = ob_get_contents();
      file_put_contents($cacheFile, $message);
     }
   }
   else
   {
     readfile($cacheFile);
     $this->debug['cached'] = 'true';
   }
   $this->debug['spend'] = microtime(true) - $this->debug['begin'];
   $this->debug['count'] = count($this->value);
   $this->debug_info();
  }
  public function debug_info()
  {
   if($this->arrayConfig['debug'] === true)
   {
     echo "br/>", '-------------------- debug_info--------------', "br/>";
     echo '程序运行日期:', date("Y-m-d h:i:s"), "br/>";
     echo '模板解析耗时:', $this->debug['spend'], '秒', "br/>";
     echo '模板包含标签数目:', $this->debug['count'], "br/>";
     echo '是否使用静态缓存:', $this->debug['cached'], "br/>";
     echo '模板引擎实例参数:', var_dump($this->getConfig());
   }
  }
  /**
  * 清楚缓存的html文件
  * @return [type] [description]
  */
  public function clean()
  {
   if($path === null)
   {
     $path = $this->arrayConfig['compileDir'];
     $path = glob($path.'* '.$this->arrayConfig['suffix_cache']);
   }
   else
   {
     $path = $this->arrayConfig['compileDir'].md5($path).$this->arrayConfig['suffix_cache'];
   }
   foreach ((array)$path as $v) {
     unlink($v);
   }
  }
}

?php
include 'Template.class.php';
$tpl = new Template(array('debug' => true));
$tpl->assign('data', 'hello world');
$tpl->assign('person', 'htGod');
$tpl->assign('data1', 3);
$arr = array(1,2,3,4,'5',6);
$tpl->assign('b', $arr);
$tpl->show('member');