聚类是一种机器学习技术，它涉及到数据点的分组。给定一组数据点，我们可以使用聚类算法将每个数据点划分为一个特定的组。理论上，同一组中的数据点应该具有相似的属性和/或特征，而不同组中的数据点应该具有高度不同的属性和/或特征。聚类是一种无监督学习的方法，是许多领域中常用的统计数据分析技术。
常用的算法包括K-MEANS、高斯混合模型（Gaussian Mixed Model，GMM）、自组织映射神经网络（Self-Organizing Map，SOM）
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Demo of DBSCAN clustering algorithm
Finds core samples of high density and expands clusters from them.
"""
print(__doc__)
# 引入相关包
import numpy as np
from sklearn.cluster import DBSCAN
from sklearn import metrics
from sklearn.datasets.samples_generator import make_blobs
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 初始化样本数据
centers = [[1, 1], [-1, -1], [1, -1]]
X, labels_true = make_blobs(n_samples=750, centers=centers, cluster_std=0.4,
random_state=0)
X = StandardScaler().fit_transform(X)
# 计算DBSCAN
db = DBSCAN(eps=0.3, min_samples=10).fit(X)
core_samples_mask = np.zeros_like(db.labels_, dtype=bool)
core_samples_mask[db.core_sample_indices_] = True
labels = db.labels_
# 聚类的结果
n_clusters_ = len(set(labels)) - (1 if -1 in labels else 0)
n_noise_ = list(labels).count(-1)
print('Estimated number of clusters: %d' % n_clusters_)
print('Estimated number of noise points: %d' % n_noise_)
print("Homogeneity: %0.3f" % metrics.homogeneity_score(labels_true, labels))
print("Completeness: %0.3f" % metrics.completeness_score(labels_true, labels))
print("V-measure: %0.3f" % metrics.v_measure_score(labels_true, labels))
print("Adjusted Rand Index: %0.3f"
% metrics.adjusted_rand_score(labels_true, labels))
print("Adjusted Mutual Information: %0.3f"
% metrics.adjusted_mutual_info_score(labels_true, labels,
average_method='arithmetic'))
print("Silhouette Coefficient: %0.3f"
% metrics.silhouette_score(X, labels))
# 绘出结果
unique_labels = set(labels)
colors = [plt.cm.Spectral(each)
for each in np.linspace(0, 1, len(unique_labels))]
for k, col in zip(unique_labels, colors):
if k == -1:
col = [0, 0, 0, 1]
class_member_mask = (labels == k)
xy = X[class_member_mask core_samples_mask]
plt.plot(xy[:, 0], xy[:, 1], 'o', markerfacecolor=tuple(col),
markeredgecolor='k', markersize=14)
xy = X[class_member_mask ~core_samples_mask]
plt.plot(xy[:, 0], xy[:, 1], 'o', markerfacecolor=tuple(col),
markeredgecolor='k', markersize=6)
plt.title('Estimated number of clusters: %d' % n_clusters_)
plt.show()
