Python趣味挑战之pygame实现无敌好看的百叶窗动态效果-巨人网络通讯

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Python趣味挑战之pygame实现无敌好看的百叶窗动态效果

一、案例知识点概述

（一）使用到的python库

使用pygame库、random库和os、sys等系统库。

其中：
pygame库实现主体功能，提供窗口界面显示、动态效果展示等
random库实现随机数的生成，通过随机数实现动态百叶窗的上下左右选择、百叶窗的数量选择等功能。 os库实现图片资源的装载和读取。
sys库实现退出操作等。

（二）整体实现逻辑

通过WIDTH = 600 和 HEIGHT = 600设置窗口的高度和宽度
通过runimage 和 nextimage 设置当前显示的图像和下一张要显示的图像
通过num_part = random.randint(3,8)来设置要显示的百叶窗的数量
通过num_list = []保存当前runimage拆分出来的百叶窗的surface资源，用于在百叶窗动态效果过程中显示。
通过choose来设置是上下运动还是左右运动。

二、准备工作

（一）实现pygame的主窗口

import pygame,sys

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption('大小框展示')
fcclock = pygame.time.Clock()
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT or event.type == pygame.K_F1:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    fcclock.tick(60)
    pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新窗口

黑黑的框，不截图了。大家都懂。

（二）贴个图显示得好看点

import pygame,sys

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption('大小框展示')
fcclock = pygame.time.Clock()
img = pygame.image.load('./image/aerial-alpine-ceresole-reale-desktop-backgrounds-1562.jpg').convert_alpha()
img = pygame.transform.scale(img, (500, 500))
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT or event.type == pygame.K_F1:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    screen.blit(img,(0,0))
    fcclock.tick(60)
    pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新窗口

（三）图片从哪里来

这里建议直接通过网络上下载免费的、好看的图片，并保存在指定的文件夹，用于过程中展现。

我认为有三种方法：

其一：使用爬虫技术从网上下载图片，可以开一个子线程负责采集网上图片，然后加载到list列表中；
其二：可以直接对电脑中所有的盘进行自动检索，然后加载到list列表中；其三：指定目录，然后加载到list列表中；
我这里偷个懒，选择第三种方法实现。

具体实现代码如下：

  path = './image/'
    files = []
    dirs = os.listdir(path)
    for diretion in dirs:
        files.append(path + diretion)

（四）图片装载

我为什么在初始化的时候就进行装载呢？

原因是：解决效率问题，无需每次使用时重复加载，而且在初始化的时候就适配屏幕大小进行图片缩放。

因此，我把这个过程打包成一个函数，方便后续调用，而且参数传递为：屏幕的大小。然后返回bglist对象。

for file in files:
    picture = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(file), (1440, 900))
    dSurface = picture
    # dSurface = pygame.image.load(file).convert()
    bglist.append(dSurface)

OK，图片有了，窗口有了，那么就开始实现我们的业务逻辑吧。

三、核心功能模块

（一）实现init_image函数初始化加载图片到surface对象

def init_image():
    path = './image/'
    files = []
    dirs = os.listdir(path)
    for diretion in dirs:
        files.append(path + diretion)

    for file in files:
        picture = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(file), (WIDTH, HEIGHT))
        dSurface = picture
        # dSurface = pygame.image.load(file).convert()
        bglist.append(dSurface)

（二）初始化相关变量

runimage = None
nextimage = None
flag = False   # FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
flag2 = False
choose = 6

num_part = random.randint(3,8)  # 记录分成多少块矩形框
num_list = []
num_increse = 1
inc = random.choice([-1,1])
while num_increse=num_part:
    inc = -inc
    num_list.append(inc)
    num_increse += 1

这里，建议大家思考一下为什么要引入变量flag和flag2

（三）每次百叶窗切换完之后重置

def reset():
    global flag,runimage,nextimage,flag2,i,j,choose,num_part,num_list
    flag = False  # FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
    flag2 = False
    choose = random.randint(6,7)
    if nextimage is None:
        nextimage = random.choice(bglist)
    if runimage is None:
        runimage = random.choice(bglist)
    else:
        runimage = nextimage
        nextimage = random.choice(bglist)

    num_part = random.randint(3,8)  # 记录分成多少块矩形框
    num_list = []
    num_increse = 1
    inc = random.choice([-1,1])
    while num_increse = num_part:
        inc = -inc
        num_list.append(inc)
        num_increse += 1

（四）实现百叶窗动态切换的run函数

def run():
    global flag,runimage,flag2,nextimage,i,j,choose,num_part,num_list
    reset()
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT or event.type == pygame.K_F1:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                    if flag is False:# FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
                        flag = True
                        flag2 = False
        screen.fill((255, 255, 255))  # 设置背景为白色
        if flag:
            if choose==6:
                select_rect = []
                kk = 0
                while kk  num_part:
                    tmp_rect = pygame.Rect(kk * WIDTH/num_part,0,WIDTH/num_part,HEIGHT)
                    select_rect.append(runimage.subsurface(tmp_rect).copy())
                    kk += 1
                screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
                mm = 0
                for each in zip(select_rect,num_list):
                    if each[1]==1:
                        screen.blit(each[0], (i+mm*WIDTH/num_part, -j))
                    else:
                        screen.blit(each[0], (i+mm*WIDTH/num_part, j))
                    mm += 1
                j += step
                if j >= HEIGHT:
                    flag2 = True
            elif choose==7:
                select_rect = []
                kk = 0
                while kk  num_part:
                    tmp_rect = pygame.Rect(0,kk * HEIGHT/num_part,WIDTH,HEIGHT/num_part)
                    select_rect.append(runimage.subsurface(tmp_rect).copy())
                    kk += 1
                screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
                mm = 0
                for each in zip(select_rect,num_list):
                    if each[1]==1:
                        screen.blit(each[0], (-i, j+mm*HEIGHT/num_part))
                    else:
                        screen.blit(each[0], (i, j+mm*HEIGHT/num_part))
                    mm += 1
                i += step
                if i >= WIDTH:
                    flag2 = True
        else:
            screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
            screen.blit(runimage, (0, 0))
        if flag2:
            reset()
        fcclock.tick(fps)
        pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新窗口

（五）主函数

if __name__ == '__main__':
    init_image()
    run()

四、完整代码

import sys, pygame
import os
import random

pygame.init()  # 初始化pygame类
WIDTH = 600
HEIGHT = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))  # 设置窗口大小
pygame.display.set_caption('美丽的屏保')  # 设置窗口标题
tick = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 60  # 设置刷新率，数字越大刷新率越高
fcclock = pygame.time.Clock()
runimage = None
nextimage = None
flag = False   # FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
flag2 = False
choose = 6

num_part = random.randint(3,8)  # 记录分成多少块矩形框
num_list = []
num_increse = 1
inc = random.choice([-1,1])
while num_increse=num_part:
    inc = -inc
    num_list.append(inc)
    num_increse += 1

def init_image():
    path = './image/'
    files = []
    dirs = os.listdir(path)
    for diretion in dirs:
        files.append(path + diretion)

    for file in files:
        picture = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(file), (WIDTH, HEIGHT))
        dSurface = picture
        bglist.append(dSurface)

def reset():
    global flag,runimage,nextimage,flag2,i,j,choose,num_part,num_list
    flag = False  # FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
    flag2 = False
    i = 0
    j = 0
    choose = random.randint(6,7)
    if nextimage is None:
        nextimage = random.choice(bglist)
    if runimage is None:
        runimage = random.choice(bglist)
    else:
        runimage = nextimage
        nextimage = random.choice(bglist)

    num_part = random.randint(3,8)  # 记录分成多少块矩形框
    num_list = []
    num_increse = 1
    inc = random.choice([-1,1])
    while num_increse = num_part:
        inc = -inc
        num_list.append(inc)
        num_increse += 1


def run():
    global flag,runimage,flag2,nextimage,i,j,choose,num_part,num_list
    reset()
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT or event.type == pygame.K_F1:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                    if flag is False:# FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
                        flag = True
                        flag2 = False
        screen.fill((255, 255, 255))  # 设置背景为白色
        if flag:
            if choose==6:
                select_rect = []
                kk = 0
                while kk  num_part:
                    tmp_rect = pygame.Rect(kk * WIDTH/num_part,0,WIDTH/num_part,HEIGHT)
                    select_rect.append(runimage.subsurface(tmp_rect).copy())
                    kk += 1
                screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
                mm = 0
                for each in zip(select_rect,num_list):
                    if each[1]==1:
                        screen.blit(each[0], (i+mm*WIDTH/num_part, -j))
                    else:
                        screen.blit(each[0], (i+mm*WIDTH/num_part, j))
                    mm += 1
                j += step
                if j >= HEIGHT:
                    flag2 = True
            elif choose==7:
                select_rect = []
                kk = 0
                while kk  num_part:
                    tmp_rect = pygame.Rect(0,kk * HEIGHT/num_part,WIDTH,HEIGHT/num_part)
                    select_rect.append(runimage.subsurface(tmp_rect).copy())
                    kk += 1
                screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
                mm = 0
                for each in zip(select_rect,num_list):
                    if each[1]==1:
                        screen.blit(each[0], (-i, j+mm*HEIGHT/num_part))
                    else:
                        screen.blit(each[0], (i, j+mm*HEIGHT/num_part))
                    mm += 1
                i += step
                if i >= WIDTH:
                    flag2 = True
        else:
            screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
            screen.blit(runimage, (0, 0))
        if flag2:
            reset()
        fcclock.tick(fps)
        pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新窗口

if __name__ == '__main__':
    init_image()
    run()