Python基于Opencv识别两张相似图片

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
# 利用python实现多种方法来实现图像识别 
 
import cv2 
import numpy as np 
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt 
 
# 最简单的以灰度直方图作为相似比较的实现 
def classify_gray_hist(image1,image2,size = (256,256)): 
 # 先计算直方图 
 # 几个参数必须用方括号括起来 
 # 这里直接用灰度图计算直方图，所以是使用第一个通道， 
 # 也可以进行通道分离后，得到多个通道的直方图 
 # bins 取为16 
 image1 = cv2.resize(image1,size) 
 image2 = cv2.resize(image2,size) 
 hist1 = cv2.calcHist([image1],[0],None,[256],[0.0,255.0]) 
 hist2 = cv2.calcHist([image2],[0],None,[256],[0.0,255.0]) 
 # 可以比较下直方图 
 plt.plot(range(256),hist1,'r') 
 plt.plot(range(256),hist2,'b') 
 plt.show() 
 # 计算直方图的重合度 
 degree = 0 
 for i in range(len(hist1)): 
 if hist1[i] != hist2[i]: 
 degree = degree + (1 - abs(hist1[i]-hist2[i])/max(hist1[i],hist2[i])) 
 else: 
 degree = degree + 1 
 degree = degree/len(hist1) 
 return degree 
 
# 计算单通道的直方图的相似值 
def calculate(image1,image2): 
 hist1 = cv2.calcHist([image1],[0],None,[256],[0.0,255.0]) 
 hist2 = cv2.calcHist([image2],[0],None,[256],[0.0,255.0]) 
 # 计算直方图的重合度 
 degree = 0 
 for i in range(len(hist1)): 
 if hist1[i] != hist2[i]: 
 degree = degree + (1 - abs(hist1[i]-hist2[i])/max(hist1[i],hist2[i])) 
 else: 
 degree = degree + 1 
 degree = degree/len(hist1) 
 return degree 
 
# 通过得到每个通道的直方图来计算相似度 
def classify_hist_with_split(image1,image2,size = (256,256)): 
 # 将图像resize后，分离为三个通道，再计算每个通道的相似值 
 image1 = cv2.resize(image1,size) 
 image2 = cv2.resize(image2,size) 
 sub_image1 = cv2.split(image1) 
 sub_image2 = cv2.split(image2) 
 sub_data = 0 
 for im1,im2 in zip(sub_image1,sub_image2): 
 sub_data += calculate(im1,im2) 
 sub_data = sub_data/3 
 return sub_data 
 
# 平均哈希算法计算 
def classify_aHash(image1,image2): 
 image1 = cv2.resize(image1,(8,8)) 
 image2 = cv2.resize(image2,(8,8)) 
 gray1 = cv2.cvtColor(image1,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) 
 gray2 = cv2.cvtColor(image2,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) 
 hash1 = getHash(gray1) 
 hash2 = getHash(gray2) 
 return Hamming_distance(hash1,hash2) 
 
def classify_pHash(image1,image2): 
 image1 = cv2.resize(image1,(32,32)) 
 image2 = cv2.resize(image2,(32,32)) 
 gray1 = cv2.cvtColor(image1,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) 
 gray2 = cv2.cvtColor(image2,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) 
 # 将灰度图转为浮点型，再进行dct变换 
 dct1 = cv2.dct(np.float32(gray1)) 
 dct2 = cv2.dct(np.float32(gray2)) 
 # 取左上角的8*8，这些代表图片的最低频率 
 # 这个操作等价于c++中利用opencv实现的掩码操作 
 # 在python中进行掩码操作，可以直接这样取出图像矩阵的某一部分 
 dct1_roi = dct1[0:8,0:8] 
 dct2_roi = dct2[0:8,0:8] 
 hash1 = getHash(dct1_roi) 
 hash2 = getHash(dct2_roi) 
 return Hamming_distance(hash1,hash2) 
 
# 输入灰度图，返回hash 
def getHash(image): 
 avreage = np.mean(image) 
 hash = [] 
 for i in range(image.shape[0]): 
 for j in range(image.shape[1]): 
 if image[i,j] > avreage: 
 hash.append(1) 
 else: 
 hash.append(0) 
 return hash 
 
 
# 计算汉明距离 
def Hamming_distance(hash1,hash2): 
 num = 0 
 for index in range(len(hash1)): 
 if hash1[index] != hash2[index]: 
 num += 1 
 return num 
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
 img1 = cv2.imread('10.jpg') 
 cv2.imshow('img1',img1) 
 img2 = cv2.imread('11.jpg') 
 cv2.imshow('img2',img2) 
 degree = classify_gray_hist(img1,img2) 
 #degree = classify_hist_with_split(img1,img2) 
 #degree = classify_aHash(img1,img2) 
 #degree = classify_pHash(img1,img2) 
 print degree 
 cv2.waitKey(0)