Python 实现自动化Excel报表的步骤

import pandas as pd 
import xlwings as xw
import pymssql


# 各品类月同期 
def get_last_year_sale(start_date, end_date):
  """各品类同期销量, 对比19年"""
  sql_01 = f"""
  SELECT 
   品类
   , SUM(数量) AS QTY
  FROM XXX
  WHERE 是否电商 = 1 
   AND 销售时间 BETWEEN DATEADD(YEAR, -2, '{start_date}') AND DATEADD(YEAR, -2, '{end_date}')   
  GROUP BY 品类
  """
  df = pd.read_sql(sql_01, con=con)
  df_xtc = df[df['品类'] == 'A品类'][['品类', 'QTY']]
  df_bbk = df[df['品类'] == 'B品类'][['品类', 'QTY']]
  return df_xtc, df_bbk 
  
def get_anget_sale(start_date, end_date):
    """返回各品类, 各区域的时间段销量"""
    sql = f"""
    SELECT 
     品类
     , AGENT
     , SUM(数量) AS QTY
     , ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY 品类 ORDER BY SUM(数量) DESC) MY_RANK
    FROM XXX
    WHERE 是否电商 = 1 
     AND 销售时间 BETWEEN '{start_date}' AND '{end_date}'
    GROUP BY AGENT, 品类
    """
    df = pd.read_sql(sql, con=con)
    df_xtc = df[df['品类'] == 'A品类'][['AGENT', 'QTY']]
    df_bbk = df[df['品类'] == 'B品类'][['AGENT', 'QTY']]
    df_pad = df[df['品类'] == 'C品类'][['AGENT', 'QTY']]

    return df_xtc, df_bbk, df_pad 
  
def get_machine_sale(start_date, end_date):
  """返回各品类, 各区域的时间段销量"""
  sql = f"""
  SELECT 
   品类
   , 机型
   , SUM(数量) AS QTY
   , ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY 品类 ORDER BY SUM(数量) DESC) MY_RANK
  FROM V_REALSALE
  WHERE 是否电商 = 1 
   AND 销售时间 BETWEEN '{start_date}' AND '{end_date}'
  GROUP BY 机型, 品类
  """
  df = pd.read_sql(sql, con=con)
  df_xtc = df[df['品类'] == 'A品类'][['机型', 'QTY']]
  df_bbk = df[df['品类'] == 'B品类'][['机型', 'QTY']]

  return df_xtc, df_bbk 


# main 
con = pymssql.connect('xxxxx', 'sxxx', 'xxxxxx', 'xxxxx')

# 基础配置: 根据用户输入当前日期, 输出当月, 当季度第一天 
print("欢迎哦, 此小程序专门为XX看板做数据自动更新呢~")
print()

today = input("请输入截止日期(昨天), 形如: 2021/5/20 按回车结束:  ")

if len(today.split('/')) != 3:
  raise "日期格式输入错误!!, 请按照形如 '2021/5/20'的格式重新输入"
else:
  m_cur = today.split('/')[1]
  m_first_day = '2021/' + m_cur + '/1'

# 季度第一天 
if m_cur in ('1', '01', '2', '02', '3', '03'):
  q_time_start = '2021/1/1'
  
elif m_cur in ('4', '04', '5', '05', '6', '06'):
  q_time_start = '2021/4/1'
  
elif m_cur in ('7', '07', '8', '08', '9', '09'):
  q_time_start = '2021/7/1'
else:
  q_time_start = '2021/10/1'

print()
print("正在开始更新....")
print("提示, 接下看到闪退, 是正常现象, 就程序模拟人去打开文件, 填充数据, 不要紧张哦~~~")

# 去年月, 季度同期 
df_mm_xtc, df_mm_bbk = get_last_year_sale(m_first_day, today)
df_qq_xtc, df_qq_bbk = get_last_year_sale(q_time_start, today)

# 当月各地区累积销量
df_m_xtc, df_m_bbk, df_m_pad = get_anget_sale(m_first_day, today)

# 各地区当季度销量 
df_q_xtc, df_q_bbk, df_q_pad = get_anget_sale(q_time_start, today)

# 各机型当季度销量 
df_q_type_xtc, df_q_type_bbk = get_machine_sale(q_time_start, today) 
# 过滤掉 销量为0的型号 
df_q_type_xtc = df_q_type_xtc[df_q_type_xtc.QTY > 0]
df_q_type_xtc.replace('Z6áÛ·å°æ', 'Z6巅峰版', inplace=True)

df_q_type_bbk = df_q_type_bbk[df_q_type_bbk.QTY > 0]

# 打开excel 模板 等待数据填充 
app = xw.App(visible=True, add_book=False)

app.display_alerts = False  # 关闭一些提示信息，可以加快运行速度。 默认为 True。
app.screen_updating = True

wb = app.books.open("XXX_全品类_看板.xlsx")
data_sht = wb.sheets['数据']

# 19年当月同期销量
data_sht.range('B9').value = df_mm_xtc.values
data_sht.range('G9').value = df_mm_bbk.values

# 当季度同比
data_sht.range('B10').value = df_qq_xtc.values
data_sht.range('G10').value = df_qq_bbk.values

# 填充各品类当月销量, 注意单元格是写死的哦
data_sht.range('I72').value = df_m_xtc.values
data_sht.range('T72').value = df_m_bbk.values
data_sht.range('AE72').value = df_m_pad.values

# 填充当季度销量, 同理是写死的
data_sht.range('A54').value = df_q_xtc.values
data_sht.range('F54').value = df_q_bbk.values
data_sht.range('K54').value = df_q_pad.values

# 填充当季度各型号, 同理是写死的
data_sht.range('A21').value = df_q_type_xtc.values
data_sht.range('F21').value = df_q_type_bbk.values

wb.save()
app.quit()

print()
print("~~更新结束了哦~~")
print()
input("请按任意键退出~~")
print()
print('BYE~~ 人生若只如初见呢~~')