pandas调整列的顺序以及添加列的实现

>>> df = pd.read_excel(r'D:/myExcel/1.xlsx')
>>> df
  A B C D
0  bob 12 78 87
1 millor 15 92 21
>>> df.columns
Index(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], dtype='object')
# 这是最简单常用的一种方法，相当于指定列名让pandas
# 从df中获取
>>> df[['A', 'D', 'C', 'B']]
  A D C B
0  bob 87 78 12
1 millor 21 92 15
# 这也是可以的
>>> df[['A', 'A', 'A', 'A']]
  A  A  A  A
0  bob  bob  bob  bob
1 millor millor millor millor

>>> df['E']=[1, 2]
>>> df
  A B C D E
0  bob 12 78 87 1
1 millor 15 92 21 2

>>> df
  A B C D
0  bob 12 78 87
1 millor 15 92 21
# 其中E是列名，根据B列-C列的值得到
>>> df.assign(E=df['B'] - df['C'])
  A B C D E
0  bob 12 78 87 -66
1 millor 15 92 21 -77
# 添加两列也可以
>>> df.assign(E=df['B'] - df['C'], F=df['B'] * df['C'])
  A B C D E  F
0  bob 12 78 87 -66 936
1 millor 15 92 21 -77 1380

df.rename()

 def rename(self, *args, **kwargs):
  """
  Alter axes labels.
  Function / dict values must be unique (1-to-1). Labels not contained in
  a dict / Series will be left as-is. Extra labels listed don't throw an
  error.
  See the :ref:`user guide basics.rename>` for more.
  Parameters
  ----------
  mapper, index, columns : dict-like or function, optional
   dict-like or functions transformations to apply to
   that axis' values. Use either ``mapper`` and ``axis`` to
   specify the axis to target with ``mapper``, or ``index`` and
   ``columns``.
  axis : int or str, optional
   Axis to target with ``mapper``. Can be either the axis name
   ('index', 'columns') or number (0, 1). The default is 'index'.
  copy : boolean, default True
   Also copy underlying data
  inplace : boolean, default False
   Whether to return a new DataFrame. If True then value of copy is
   ignored.
  level : int or level name, default None
   In case of a MultiIndex, only rename labels in the specified
   level.
  Returns
  -------
  renamed : DataFrame
  See Also
  --------
  pandas.DataFrame.rename_axis
  Examples
  --------
  ``DataFrame.rename`` supports two calling conventions
  * ``(index=index_mapper, columns=columns_mapper, ...)``
  * ``(mapper, axis={'index', 'columns'}, ...)``
  We *highly* recommend using keyword arguments to clarify your
  intent.
  >>> df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3], "B": [4, 5, 6]})
  >>> df.rename(index=str, columns={"A": "a", "B": "c"})
   a c
  0 1 4
  1 2 5
  2 3 6
 
  >>> df.rename(index=str, columns={"A": "a", "C": "c"})
   a B
  0 1 4
  1 2 5
  2 3 6
 
  Using axis-style parameters
 
  >>> df.rename(str.lower, axis='columns')
   a b
  0 1 4
  1 2 5
  2 3 6
 
  >>> df.rename({1: 2, 2: 4}, axis='index')
   A B
  0 1 4
  2 2 5
  4 3 6
  """
  axes = validate_axis_style_args(self, args, kwargs, 'mapper', 'rename')
  kwargs.update(axes)
  # Pop these, since the values are in `kwargs` under different names
  kwargs.pop('axis', None)
  kwargs.pop('mapper', None)
  return super(DataFrame, self).rename(**kwargs)

>>>import pandas as pd
>>>a = pd.DataFrame({'A':[1,2,3], 'B':[4,5,6], 'C':[7,8,9]})
>>> a 
 A B C
0 1 4 7
1 2 5 8
2 3 6 9 
 
#将列名A替换为列名a，B改为b，C改为c
>>>a.rename(columns={'A':'a', 'B':'b', 'C':'c'}, inplace = True)
>>>a
 a b c
0 1 4 7
1 2 5 8
2 3 6 9

>>> import pandas
>>> dict_a = {'user_id':['webbang','webbang','webbang'],'book_id':['3713327','4074636','26873486'],'rating':['4','4','4'],
'mark_date':['2017-03-07','2017-03-07','2017-03-07']}
 
>>> df = pandas.DataFrame(dict_a) # 从字典创建DataFrame
>>> df # 创建好的df列名默认按首字母顺序排序，和字典中的先后顺序并不一样，字典中'user_id','book_id','rating','mark_date'
 
 book_id mark_date rating user_id
0 3713327 2017-03-07 4 webbang
1 4074636 2017-03-07 4 webbang
2 26873486 2017-03-07 4 webbang

>>> df = df[['user_id','book_id','rating','mark_date']] # 调整列顺序为'user_id','book_id','rating','mark_date'
>>> df
 
 user_id book_id rating mark_date
0 webbang 3713327 4 2017-03-07
1 webbang 4074636 4 2017-03-07
2 webbang 26873486 4 2017-03-07