提升Oracle用户密码安全性的策略

select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';
prompt =============================
prompt == 8.数据库密码安全性校验函数 
prompt =============================
prompt 执行创建安全性校验函数的脚本
@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql
 select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';

Rem
Rem $Header: rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg1.sql /st_rdbms_11.2.0/1 2013/01/31 01:34:11 skayoor Exp $
Rem
Rem utlpwdmg.sql
Rem
Rem Copyright (c) 2006, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 
Rem All rights reserved. 
Rem
Rem NAME
Rem  utlpwdmg.sql - script for Default Password Resource Limits
Rem
Rem DESCRIPTION
Rem  This is a script for enabling the password management features
Rem  by setting the default password resource limits.
Rem
Rem NOTES
Rem  This file contains a function for minimum checking of password
Rem  complexity. This is more of a sample function that the customer
Rem  can use to develop the function for actual complexity checks that the 
Rem  customer wants to make on the new password.
Rem
Rem MODIFIED (MM/DD/YY)
Rem skayoor  01/17/13 - Backport skayoor_bug-14671375 from main
Rem asurpur  05/30/06 - fix - 5246666 beef up password complexity check 
Rem nireland 08/31/00 - Improve check for username=password. #1390553
Rem nireland 06/28/00 - Fix null old password test. #1341892
Rem asurpur  04/17/97 - Fix for bug479763
Rem asurpur  12/12/96 - Changing the name of password_verify_function
Rem asurpur  05/30/96 - New script for default password management
Rem asurpur  05/30/96 - Created
Rem
-- This script sets the default password resource parameters
-- This script needs to be run to enable the password features.
-- However the default resource parameters can be changed based 
-- on the need.
-- A default password complexity function is also provided.
-- This function makes the minimum complexity checks like
-- the minimum length of the password, password not same as the
-- username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to
-- the need.
-- This function must be created in SYS schema.
-- connect sys/password> as sysdba before running the script
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_function_11G_WJZYY
(username varchar2,
 password varchar2,
 old_password varchar2)
 RETURN boolean IS 
 n boolean;
 m integer;
 differ integer;
 isdigit boolean;
 ischar boolean;
 ispunct boolean;
 db_name varchar2(40);
 digitarray varchar2(20);
 punctarray varchar2(25);
 chararray varchar2(52);
 i_char varchar2(10);
 simple_password varchar2(10);
 reverse_user varchar2(32);
BEGIN 
 digitarray:= '0123456789';
 chararray:= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
 -- Check if the password is same as the username or username(1-100)
 IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN
  raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password same as or similar to user');
 END IF;
 FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
  i_char := to_char(i);
  if NLS_LOWER(username)|| i_char = NLS_LOWER(password) THEN
  raise_application_error(-20005, 'Password same as or similar to user name ');
  END IF;
 END LOOP;
 -- Everything is fine; return TRUE ; 
 RETURN(TRUE);
END;
/
GRANT EXECUTE ON verify_function_11G_WJZYY TO PUBLIC;
-- This script alters the default parameters for Password Management
-- This means that all the users on the system have Password Management
-- enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is 
-- created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED 
-- is created and assigned to the user.
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11G_WJZYY;

--执行脚本创建校验函数
@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg1.sql
--确认执行成功
select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';
--将PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME修改为30（选做）
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 30;
--查询dba_profiles内容
select * from dba_profiles order by 1;
--查询用户状态和过期时间
select USERNAME, PASSWORD, ACCOUNT_STATUS, LOCK_DATE, EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users;

--密码与用户名一样，修改失败：
SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by jingyu;
alter user jingyu identified by jingyu
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failed
ORA-20002: Password same as or similar to user
--密码与用户名相似，修改失败：
SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by jingyu1;
alter user jingyu identified by jingyu1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failed
ORA-20005: Password same as or similar to user name
--密码与用户名不一致，修改成功：
SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by alfred;
User altered.

--查询数据库时区
select property_value from database_properties where property_name='DBTIMEZONE';
--查询aud$表
select MAX(to_char(a.ntimestamp#, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')) last_login,
  u.username
 from sys.aud$ a, dba_users u
 where a.USERID(+) = u.username
 and u.user_id > 90
 group by u.username
 ORDER BY 1;

SYS@jyzhao1 >select MAX(to_char(a.ntimestamp#, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')) last_login,
 2   u.username
 3 from sys.aud$ a, dba_users u
 4 where a.USERID(+) = u.username
 5  and u.user_id > 90
 6 group by u.username
 7 ORDER BY 1;
LAST_LOGIN   USERNAME
------------------- ------------------------------
2018-04-17 07:16:46 JINGYU
     TESTTESTTEST
     XS$NULL
SYS@jyzhao1 >