本文实例讲述了MongoDB多表关联查询操作。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
Mongoose的多表关联查询
首先,我们回忆一下,MySQL多表关联查询的语句:
student表:
calss表:
通过student的classId关联进行查询学生名称,班级的数据:
SELECT student.name,student.age,class.name FROM student,class WHERE student.classId = class.id
Mongoose多表联合查询(还是以众所周知的学生、班级作为实例)
· 表结构的定义(schemas目录下)
1. student表(student.js)
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var Schema = mongoose.Schema;
/*定义数据模式*/
var StudentSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
name: String,
calssId: {
type: Schema.Types.objectId,
ref: 'class'
},
age: Number,
number: Number,
meta: {
createAt: {
type: Date,
default: Date.now()
},
updateAt: {
type: Date,
default: Date.now()
}
}
/*更新时间的*/
});
module.exports = StudentSchema;
2. class表(class.js)
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var Schema = mongoose.Schema;
/*定义数据模式*/
var ClassSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
name: String,
meta: {
createAt: {
type: Date,
default: Date.now()
},
updateAt: {
type: Date,
default: Date.now()
}
}
/*更新时间的*/
});
module.exports = ClassSchema;
· 生成Model(model目录下)
1. student Model(student.js)
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var StudentSchema = require('../schemas/student');
/*通过model编译模式为模型*/
var Student = mongoose.model('student', StudentSchema);
/*导出Student模型 模块*/
module.exports = Student;
2. class Model(class.js)
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var ClassSchema = require('../schemas/class');
/*通过model编译模式为模型*/
var Class = mongoose.model('class', ClassSchema);
/*导出Class模型 模块*/
module.exports = Class;
· Model进行数据的查询操作
1. 将静态类的方法加到Model的编译中
StudentSchema.static = {
fetch: function(cb){
return this
.find({})
.sort('meta.updateAt') //按更新的时间排序
}
}
2. 将静态类方法加到Model中
StudentSchema.static('fetch', function(cb){
return this
.find({}, cb)
.sort('meta.updateAt')
})
3. 直接调用model的find()方法
查询的结果均为:
[
{
_id: '5a05222f583e5720b8660191',
name: '张三',
age: 18,
number: 11,
classId: '5a0036512b740f32e4371e66'
},
{
_id: '5a05222f583e5720b8660091',
name: '李四',
age: 19,
number: 11,
classId: '5a0036512b740f32e1371e66'
},
{
_id: '5a05222f583e5720b18660191',
name: '赵五',
age: 17,
number: 11,
classId: '5a0036512b7420f32e4371e66'
}
]
· 多表联合查询(学生对应班级)
StudentSchema.static = {
findStudentWithClass: function (cb) {
return this
.find({})
.populate('classId')//注意这是联合查询的关键
.sort('meta.updateAt')
.exec(cb)
}
}
查询结果:
[
{
_id: '5a05222f583e5720b8660191',
name: '张三',
age: 18,
number: 11,
classId: {
_id: '5a0036512b740f32e4371e66',
name: '一年1班'
}
},
{
_id: '5a05222f583e5720b8660091',
name: '李四',
age: 18,
number: 11,
classId: {
_id: '5a0036512b740f32e1371e66',
name: '二年2班'
}
},
{
_id: '5a05222f583e5720b18660191',
name: '赵五',
age: 18,
number: 11,
classId: {
_id: '5a0036512b7420f32e4371e66',
name: '一年2班'
}
}
]
· 由上面的实例可知,mongoose的多表联合查询的关键:
1. 数据模式结构定义需要利用关键字ref定义关联
var Schema = new mongoose.Schema({
field: {
type: mongoose.Schema.Type.ObjectId,
ref: 'model'
}
});
Schema.static = {
fetch: function(cb){
return this
.find({})
.populate('field')
.exec(cb)
}
}
var Model = mongoose.Model('model',Schema );
希望本文所述对大家MongoDB数据库程序设计有所帮助。
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