buffer 与cache 的区别 A buffer is something that has yet to be “written” to disk. A cache is something that has been “read” from the disk and stored for later use. 更详细的解释参考:Difference Between Buffer and Cache 对于共享内存(Shared memory),主要用于在UNIX 环境下不同进程之间共享数据,是进程间通信的一种方法,一般的应用程序不会申请使用共享内存,笔者也没有去验证共享内存对上面等式的影响。如果你有兴趣,请参考:What is Shared Memory?